Renting a house is one of the most common legal relationships in everyday life. Whether you are a tenant looking for your next home or a landlord renting out your property, a tenancy agreement is the basis for a fair and secure partnership. Understanding the terms, rights and obligations of a lease is essential for both parties to avoid misunderstandings and legal disputes. Greek law provides a clear framework for residential leases, but important details are often overlooked or misunderstood. In this article, we will look at what landlords and tenants in Greece should look out for before signing a contract, from the legal basics to the pitfalls and practical tips for a smooth experience.
Legal Framework for Residential Tenancies in Greece
Residential leases are regulated mainly by the Civil Code (Articles 574-618), and by the Law 1703/1987, which introduces specific provisions for residential leases. These provisions aim to balance the rights and obligations of both parties and set out minimum conditions of duration, contract terms and legal protection.
It is worth noting that oral contracts are legally valid in Greece. However, it is strongly recommended to draw up a document for legal clarity and as evidence in case of a dispute.
Key Elements of a Valid Lease Contract
Each written rental agreement must include:
1. Identification of the Parties
The full names, ID or passport numbers and contact details of the owner and tenant.
2. Description of the Property
Address, floor, square metres, storage, parking spaces and other spaces included in the lease.
3. Duration of the Lease
The minimum duration is three years, even if the contract provides for a shorter duration. After expiry, the lease continues automatically unless terminated with legal notice.
4. Rent and Payment Terms
The agreed amount, the method and date of payment, any annual increase, and the security deposit (usually one to two rents).
5. Accounts and Expenses
Who is responsible for electricity, water, heating, utilities and maintenance. These points often cause misunderstandings, so clarity is needed.
6. Use of the Property
It must be expressly stated that the lease is exclusively for a dwelling, unless otherwise agreed.
Obligations of the Tenant
Although the law protects tenants, they also have certain obligations:
- Timely and correct payment of rent.
- Proper use of the property without damage.
- Prohibition of subletting or transfer of the lease without written consent.
- Return of the property to its original condition, with the exception of normal wear and tear.
- Respect for public spaces and neighbours.
- In case of serious damage or breach of terms, the owner has the right to request termination of the contract.
Owner's obligations
The owners have the following obligations:
- Delivery of habitable property at the beginning of the lease.
- Carrying out basic repairs (unless the damage was caused by the tenant).
- Respect for the tenant's privacy.
- Electronic declaration of the lease through the TACHISnet platform.
- Return of the guarantee at the end of the lease, provided there are no damages or debts.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Oral Agreements
Yes, they are legal, but without a document there is an increased risk of disputes. - Unclear Breakdown of costs
It causes conflicts. Record in detail who pays what. - Non-Declaration on Taxisnet
If the lease is not declared, there are tax consequences for the owner. - Rent Increase Without Base
The landlord cannot increase the rent without a provision in the contract. - No Notification of Solution
Even after the end of the agreement, a written notice (usually 3 months) is required, unless there is mutual consent.
Early Termination of the Lease
The tenant can terminate the contract at any time after the first year, with a written notice (usually one month), unless otherwise provided. The landlord cannot terminate the contract before its expiry unless the tenant is in material breach of the terms.
In leases of indefinite duration or extended without a new contract, either party may terminate with 3 months' notice.
Electronic Lease Declaration (Taxisnet)
The landlord must declare the lease electronically to the Hellenic Tax Authority through Taxisnet:
- Login to the owner's account.
- Declaration of the lease within 30 days of the start date.
- Include tenant details, amount, term and property description.
- The tenant must confirm the lease through his/her own Taxisnet account.
The procedure is mandatory both for tax compliance purposes and for the legal validity of the contract.
Disputes and Dispute Resolution
If there is a problem - e.g. non-payment of rent or refusal to leave - the landlord can take legal action:
- Codex
- Action for eviction
- Claiming amounts due through the courts
The tenant can also appeal if his/her rights are violated (illegal rent increase, violation of privacy, failure to repair damages).
In any case, legal advice is recommended before action is taken.
The Practical Use of the Guarantee
The deposit is a frequent cause of tension at the end of the lease. It usually equals 1-2 rents and acts as financial security.
The guarantee not is a rent deposit. It must be returned at the end, unless there are proven reasons (damages, debts, communal charges).
To avoid misunderstandings:
- Document the condition of the property upon entry (photos, checklist).
- Justify any deductions.
- The tenant to settle accounts and provide receipts.
- The owner must return the deposit within 30 days (unless otherwise agreed).
Transparency and proper communication builds trust and completes the leasing relationship properly.
Renovation and Modifications during the Lease Term
A common issue that arises during a tenancy is whether the tenant is allowed to make changes or improvements to the property. Greek law does not prohibit interventions, as long as there is express or written consent from the landlord. Changes such as painting the walls, installing shelving, replacing light fixtures or installing air conditioning, although often desirable, can create disputes.
To avoid problems:
- Each intervention must be discussed and approved in writing before implementation.
- The tenant has no right to claim compensation for any improvements made at the time of departure, unless an agreement has been made beforehand.
- The owner can request that the property be restored to its original condition if he or she did not approve the changes.
Renovation and minor modifications are possible, but require proper consultation and documentation to maintain trust and security of cooperation.
Property Insurance and Damage Coverage
Although it is not mandatory by law, rented property insurance is a good practice for both the owner and the tenant. The owner can insure the property for natural disasters (earthquakes, fire, floods), while the tenant can go for contents (household appliances, personal belongings) and civil liability insurance.
For example:
- If a fire is caused by a tenant's electrical appliance without insurance, there may be a legal and financial claim.
- If there is damage due to a leak that also causes damage to the downstairs apartment, liability insurance can cover the cost.
Provision through insurance coverage protects both parties from unforeseen situations and enhances the feeling of security during the lease.
Best Practices for a Smooth Lease
- Use of a written contract, even between acquaintances.
- Photographing and recording damage on delivery.
- Documentation of payments (e.g. with bank receipts).
- Recording of any amendment or agreement.
- Constant and honest communication to resolve issues in a timely manner.
Conclusion
A tenancy agreement is not just a document - it is a legal agreement that protects both parties. Understanding rights and obligations before signing prevents misunderstandings and fosters a professional and mutually respectful relationship.
Whether you are renting your home or looking for a new home, drafting and understanding the contract correctly is an investment in your peace of mind and security.
In cases of doubt or complexity, the advice of a lawyer specialised in leases is the best guarantee for compliance with the law and protection of your interests.
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